Mosheh' Farewell Exhortation
This is a fragment from the Dead Sea Community Scrolls
And YAHWEH called unto Mosheh in the fortieth year of the going out of the children of Israel from the land of Egypt, in the eleventh month, on the first day of the month, saying: Gather together all the congregation, and go up unto Mount Nebo and stand there, thou and Eleazar, the son of Aaron.
Interpret the Law unto the heads of the families, unto the Levites and all the priests; And enjoin upon the children of Israel the words of the Law which I commanded thee on mount Sinai to enjoin upon them.
Explain carefully in their hearing all that I exact of them; and call heaven and earth to witness concerning that which will befall them if they and their children walk not in the way which I have commanded them throughout their lives on earth.
For I declare that if they renounce Me and choose the filthy ways of the heathen and their abominations and their idols, and if they worship their godlings, these will prove but a trap and a snare.
And if they neglect any of the holy convocations, or the Sabbath which is itself a Covenant, or the festivals which I command them this day to observe, it shall redound to their being smitten with a great smiting in the midst of that land for the possession of which they are about to cross the Jordan.
For all the curses of the Covenant will come upon them and overtake them, to the end that they shall perish and be destroyed. Then shall they know that the truth has been evinced among them.
So Mosheh called Eleazar the son of Aaron and Joshua the son of Nun and said unto them: Rehearse all the words of the Law completely. ...
Give ear, O Israel, and hearken! This day art thou to become a people unto YAHWEH your Father.
Thou shalt keep My statutes and Mine orders and My commandments which I command thee this day to perform .
When thou crossest the Jordan to possess thee of great and goodly cities, of houses filled with all goodly things, of vineyards and olives which thou didst not plant, and of hewn wells which thou didst not hew; and when thou eatest and art satisfied,
Beware lest thy heart become haughty and thou forget that which I command thee this day. For it is thy life and the length of thy days.
Then Mosheh summoned the children of Israel and said: This day it is forty years since we went out from the land of Egypt; and this day hath YAHWEH our FATHER caused all these words-all HIS judgments and commandments to issue from HIS mouth.
How can I myself alone bear your cumbrance and your burden and your strife? When I am done with imparting unto you the Covenant and with enjoining the way in which ye are to walk, take you wise men who I shall serve to explain unto you and your children all the words of the Law.
Take heed exceedingly unto your souls that ye do them, lest the wrath of your YAHWEH be fanned into flame and blaze against you, and HE shut up the heavens above that they rain no rain upon you, and the waters below, that the earth yield no produce for you.
And Mosheh went on to rehearse unto the children of Israel all these commandments which YAHWEH had commanded them to do. ...
Of the Year of Release
'At the end of every seven years thou shalt observe a sabbatical rest of the land. The produce of the earth during that period of rest shall serve both thee and the domestic beasts and the wild animals of the field for food; and what is left shall be for the needy among thy brethren, who are in the land.
No man shall then sow his field or prune his vineyard, neither shall anyone glean the aftermath of the harvest, nor gather fruits for himself.
Thou shalt observe all these words of the Covenant, to perform them.
If thou attend carefully to the performance of this commandment, and if thou truly 'relax thy hand' in that year, it shall mean also that anyone who is a creditor of another and hath a claim of any kind upon him in respect of a loan shall likewise 'relax his hand'. It shall be called the Release ordained by YAHWEH your YAHWEH.
One may exact payment from an alien, but not from any of one's own brethren. For in that year YAHWEH will bless you, and HE too will absolve you-of your iniquities.
Of the Day of Atonement
For your fathers were wanderers in the wilderness until the tenth day of the seventh month. ....
On the tenth day of the month, all work shall be forbidden; and on that tenth day, atonement shall be made. ....
day of the month shall take..... .
On that day, judgment shall be passed also upon the congregation of the angels and upon the company of the Holy Beings. .....
on behalf of the children of Israel and on behalf of the land. HE shall take of its blood and pour it upon the ground . And atonement shall be made for them. (The rest of the text is fragmentary. It describes the ritual of the Day of Atonement.)
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